CSE 2301 Midterm 3 Review 1. Fill out the next states and the diagram for the JK flipflop J K Q Q+ 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 2. Given the following K-map of the a three JK Flip Flop and input x for J1. What is the logical expression for J1? (Hint: Draw it out on scrap paper) Q0/X 00 01 11 10 Q2/Q1 00 0 1 X X 01 1 1 X X 11 1 0 X X 10 0 0 X X J1 = 3. Fill out the truth table for the following circuit Current Next QB QA JB KB JA KA QB QA 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 4. Draw the circuit symbols for a D flip flop and a JK flip flop. 5. We want to make a sequence detector (Mealy machine) that detects the binary sequence “111” in any given binary sequence with overlaps. There would be 3 states: No sequence - 00 1 detected - 01 11 detected - 11 Which is the correct state diagram? 6. Given the following state diagram, fill out the state table. Current Input Next Output QA QB X QA+ QB+ Y 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 7. The state diagram below is for detecting the sequence “11011” where overlaps can occur. Fill in the chart below to implement this sequence detector on JK flip-flops. 8. Using the circuit blow, draw the timing diagram for Q2, Q1. 9. True or False? Shifting the contents of a loaded register to the left divides by two. True False 10. Given the bit sequence “11001011011010,” how many times (including overlaps) does the subsequence “1011” occur? a. 4 b. 2 c. 3 d. 0 11. How many flips flops do you need to have a sequential circuit with 17 different states? a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 17 12. Which of the following is a Shift Left Logical is performed on binary number 00101? a. 01010 b. 01011 c. 00010 d. 10010
ECO223 Coursework Coursework has a 15% weighting on the final mark of this module. Due: no later than 11:59pm Saturday 30 November 2024, to be submitted to an online folder (Learning Mall Core) by the group leader. This is a group coursework. Each group consists of 5-6 members. You can form. your group at your will. I’ll randomly assign you additional students if you don’t have enough members. This coursework consists of a short 700-1,000-word essay (excluding the reference when counting words), structured around answering the questions presented later. The purpose of this coursework is to: ● Learn something new, largely through your own research, and discussion with your group members. ● Improve your economic literacy. Strictly speaking, this coursework essay can be written without (m)any references. However, if you do mention any specific numbers/figures, or what other people think or have said, forecasts of other people, etc. then Ido expect full and proper academic referencing according to the APA 7th style. Type it out and submit along with the signed Coursework Submission Cover Sheet. The name and student number of each group membershall be clearly written in your work. Submission will be done online: the nominated group leader will submit it to the learning mall before the deadline. Late submissions will incur penalties according to the XJTLU Code of Practice on Assessment. There is a 5 percentage-point mark deduction for any lateness at all (even 1 min); an additional 5 percentage point deduction for each day of late submission. The maximum penalty is 25 percentage points. If your group submits after 11:59pm Friday 6 December 2024, you will get a mark of zero. By signing the Coursework Submission Cover Sheet, you acknowledge that there has been no copying from external sources or collaboration with others outside of the group. Turnitin will be used to check for plagiarism. Any suspected cases of plagiarism will be formally dealt with according to the XJTLU Academic Integrity Policy. Background and Your Task The following content is taken from a CNN news report titled “ For decades, Chinese workers have retired relatively early. That’s about to change” on September 13, 2024. For decades, Chinese workers have wrapped up their working lives at relatively young ages: 60 for men and as early as 50 for women. But all that is about to change as the Chinese government passed new legislation on Friday laying out a plan to delay the retirement age over the course of 15 years, starting January 1, according to state news agency Xinhua. Existing rules stated that men in urban areas could retire at 60 and receive their pensions, and women at 50 or 55, depending on their occupation. The new rules gradually push back the age to 63 for men, and to 55 and 58, respectively, for women. The measures, … also layout plans to extend the minimum working period for employees to receive a monthly pension from 15 to 20 years, with changes starting from 2030. They also include some flexibility in retirement age, especially for those who have already completed the minimum working period. Based on the materials above, you will need to write a 700-1,000-word essay that answers the following questions: 1. What is the past and new policies on retirement age and pension at the national level? Are there any differences across provinces? [20 marks] 2. Why the government launched the policy reformat this stage? [20 marks] 3. How will the change in policy on retirement age and pension affect individual labour force participation and well-being? [20 marks] 4. How will the change in policy on retirement age and pension affect central and local governments? [20 marks] 5. Are there other countries which also had implemented similar policies? Find one example and compare it with the case of China. [20 marks] Tips ● You are encouraging to apply economic theories you have learned or are learning, but you shall avoid forcing economic concepts to the issue at hand if they do not apply. I am really looking for your reasoning and logic more than anything. ● Make sure that you answer all questions fully. Answer the questions in the form. of a coherent essay, which covers all questions. ● I am not necessarily seeking your opinion about right/wrong, good/evil, winners/losers, strong/weak, justice, fairness – or your thoughts about the robot apocalypse. Keep things as objective and as analytical as possible. Explain and justify what you say. ● You will need to cite your sources if you use any. Try to draw from reliable sources where possible. You do not need to reference what is deemed common knowledge. Exercise your own judgement. ● The best essays will answer the questions in-depth by trying to answer the 'why' or 'how' which underpins each question. Make sure your answer is logical and clear. ● The essay will be assessed based on quality, not on quantity. Please do not write more than 1,000 words (excluding reference), and avoid writing for the sake of filling space. Good writing is clear (it makes sense), concise (gets to the point without too much excessive writing), and precise (makes the point free of any ambiguity). You can write a shorter essay if you run out of things to talk about. A good essay can be written within the word limit. ● Use of simpler language is preferred to unnecessarily complex language. Use economic terminology where it is appropriate: but don’t force it in for the sake of it. ● Since essay is short, you are not expected to write an introduction and conclusion (most are meaningless anyway). Every sentence should be making a point, every word should serve a purpose. There is a constraint on length: so there is a tradeoff so that when you write a particular word/sentence you cannot write some other word/sentence. Submission and Marks The nominated group leader will submit the file to Learning Mallon behalf of the group. Please only submit one copy per group. Please include the group ID, names and student numbers of all group members, and the total number of words of the main text inside the submission. Your file will be subject to a Turnitin check. There are no explicit Turnitin thresholds. The marker will consider potential plagiarism on a case-by-case basis. All members of the same group will receive the same mark for their coursework. Despite this, all members of the group will need to report their percentage contribution on the Coursework Submission Cover Sheet. Disputes Resolution Groups will need to decide amongst themselves how tasks are allocated, and who does what. Iam not here to solve disputes you have within your group. In exceptional circumstances where a single member of the group is unresponsive or does not participate, if: 1. a supermajority of 4 out of 6 members (or 3 out of 5 members if total number is 5) voices a concern about the one member, and 2. there is irrefutable evidence that that member is not communicating or cooperating with the rest of the group, then it is at my discretion to deduct at most 70% of the group’s coursework mark away from this uncooperative member. I have the final say over whether this is applied or not.
MATH 127: Sample Exam 3B Wednesday, November 20, 2024 1. (a) Let m be a positive integer and suppose that for some n ∈ Z, m | 8n+3 and m | 5n+2. Determine (with proof) all possible values of m. [7 pts] (b) Let m be a positive integer such that 4 · 5 ≡ −4 (mod m) but 3 + 6 ≢ 1 (mod m). Determine (with proof) all possible values of m. [8 pts] 2. (a) Give an example of distinct uncountable sets A and B such that A 、B is countably infinite. Simply state your sets A, B, and A 、B. No further justification is required. [5 pts] (b) Give an example of distinct uncountable sets A and B such that A ∩ B is uncountable. Simply state your sets A, B, and A ∩ B. No further justification is required. [5 pts] (c) Give an example of distinct uncountable sets A and B such that A△B is finite and nonempty. Simply state your sets A, B, and A△B. No further justification is required. Recall: A△B = (A 、B) ∪ (B 、A) is the symmetric difference. [5 pts] 3. (a) Compute φ(63) [5 pts] (b) Suppose n ∈ Z with gcd(n,63) = 1. Which of the following are possible orders of n modulo 63? Circle all that apply. [5 pts] (i) 4 (ii) 63 (iii) 36 (iv) 6 (v) 1 (vi) -2 (c) Determine the order of 5 modulo 63. [5 pts] (d) Find the least nonnegative residue of the inverse of 5 modulo 63. [8 pts] (e) Find the least x ∈ N satisfying the congruence 40x ≡ 56 (mod 63). [8 pts] 4. Construct a bijection between P(N) and P(N)∖{∅ }. Prove that your function is a bijection. You do not need to prove well-definedness. [24 pts] 5. Prove that for any a,b ∈ Z, if 3 ∤ a and gcd(a,b) = 1 then gcd(a + 3b,ab) = 1. [15 pts]
ECON 102: Second Assignment Assignment 2 For this assignment, create one PDF file with your preferred text processor and insert your charts and discussions when needed. For each chart that you create, add a main title and axis titles. When the chart contains more than one line, use a diferent color and shape for each line and add a legend. Important For the diferent discussions, we evaluate your efort more than what you write. Therefore, there is no reason for you to try to get the right answer from another student. Besides, each student will be working with a diferent dataset, so it is unlikely that someone else’s answer is the right answer for you. Part A: The Cost of Living For this part, use the file WageXYZ.csv, where XYZ is the number that is assigned to you by the Quiz on Learn. The file contains annual series of average nominal hourly wages for males and females in a particular province and industry expressed in dollars per hour. The specific province and industry for your dataset is described in the WageDescriptions.csv file. Look for the row associated by your assigned number. The file also contains the annual series of the consumer price index base 100 = 2002 in that province (Statistics Canada, 2020). 1. Plot the evolution of the hourly nominal wage for males and females on the same chart. Interpret what you see: what kind of trending behaviour, is there a diference between males and females in terms of trends or uctuations, etc. 2. Plot the evolution of hourly real wage in dollars of 2002 for males and females on the same chart. Interpret what you see and compare this chart with the one you obtained in the previous question. Which chart between this one and the one produced in the previous question provides a better picture of the evolution of the standard of living of individuals working in that industry? Explain. 3. Fit a linear trend to both real wage series and plot the two trends on the same graph. Interpret what you see: is the wage gap changing on average? What is the annual change on average over that period for males and females? Discuss (Hint: To answer the question, you can look at the coecient of time of the trend equations). 4. Detrend the real wage series using the linear trends computed in the previous question. Since the series are annual, the detrended series are the cyclical components. Using a scatter plot, analyze the comovement between the two cyclical components. Try to explain your results: e.g. why there is a positive, negative or no comovement between the two variables? Part B: Business Cycle, Growth and Inequality For this part, use the file RealGDP.csv. The file contains annual series of real per capita GDP for 152 countries from 1970 to 2017 expressed in international dollars of 2011 (Feenstra et al., 2015). Each student has to analyze four diferent countries. Your four countries are the ones on the row of the file assignedCountries.csv where the value in the assigned number column is equal to XYZ, where XYZ is the same number used in Part A. On the same row, you will also find the assigned years for questions 5 and 6. 1. What are the complete names of the four countries that are represented by the three-letter codes? In the following questions, refer to the countries by their full names, not by their codes. 2. Plot the evolution of the real per capita GDP of the four countries on the same chart using the log-scale. Describe the diferences and similarities that you observe. 3. Compute the cyclical component of each series expressed in logs using a quadratic trend, and plot them on either 4 diferent line charts or on the same one. The choice is yours and it depends on which option provides a clearer approach to compare the cycles. Discuss what you see by answering the following questions: • Do you observe a positive, negative or no comovement between the diferent business cycles? • If you observe no comovement between two business cycles, can it be explained by the two countries being poor trading partners? You may have to search the internet to answer that question. • If you observe a strong positive comovement between two business cycles, can it be explained by the two countries being strong trading partners? You may also have to search the internet to answer that question. • Do you observe common periods of recession? Are they world wide recessions? You may also have to search the internet to answer that question. Hint: Cyclical components of annual time series are simply the detrended series. 4. Compute the average annual growth rate between 1970 and 2017 for all four countries. Then, produce a scatter plot with the 1970 real per capita GDP’s expressed in logs on the x-axis and the average growth rates on the y-axis (you should have four points). Discuss the results by answering the following questions: • Are the four countries converging to each other? • Using countries’ characteristics such as the level of education, life expectancy, economic freedom, etc., try to justify why some are converging and why some are not. You can use that data files from the module on Growth and Development or get the information from a reliable internet source (like the World Bank). 5. For this question, you have to compare the distribution of real per capita GDP across all 152 countries in the two assigned years expressed in thousands of international dollars of 2011 (the choice of units is to make the x-axis labels more readable). Create two histograms (with the option breaks=25), one for each year and interpret what you see. Do you see a diference in terms of inequality? Do you see a change in the proportion of poor countries? 6. For this question, you have to compare the distribution of real per capita GDP across all 152 countries in the two assigned years expressed logs. Create two histograms (with the option breaks=25), one for each year and interpret what you see. Do you see a diference in terms of inequality? Do you see a change in the proportion of poor countries? Also, explain why the histograms are diferent when the real per capita GDP’s are expressed in logs. References R. C. Feenstra, R. Inklaar, and M. P. Timmer. The next generation of the penn world table. American Economic Review, 105(10):3150–3182, 2015. Available for download at www.ggdc.net/pwt. Statistics Canada. Table 18-10-0005-01, Consumer Price Index, annual average, not seasonally ad- justed. 2020. doi: 10.25318/1810000501-eng.
Chem 464 Fall 2024 Assignment 3 Due: November 19, 2024 1. Following are the 500 MHz 1H NMR spectra at various temperatures of the compound drawn below. (a) Account for the difference in appearance of the spectra at room temperature and at 120 °C. (b) Assign each of the singlets observed at higher temperatures to protons in the compound. (c) Calculate the activation energy for the exchange process observed. 2. For the following pairs of compounds, show how one might be able to distinguish them using IR spectroscopy. Be sure to include estimates of band positions and intensities as appropriate. If IR spectroscopy is not sufficient to unequivocally distinguish between the compounds, propose another spectroscopic method (along with expected spectral differences) that might be more suitable. 3. Identify the following compounds based on the spectral data presented. If it is not possible to determine a precise structure, propose alternative isomers. Be sure to show your rationale clearly. The scale is cm-1 for IR spectra and ppm for NMR spectra. (a) C6H10O (b) C6H12O2 (c) C6H6BrN (d) C4H6O2 (e) C9H8O (f) C7H5FO 4. Following are 1H NMR (CDCl3, 300 MHz with expansions), 13C NMR (CDCl3, 75 MHz, CPD) and DEPT-135 spectra of a compound C12H12N2O7. Determine the structure of this compound, including any stereochemistry, and assign each of the protons. Rationalize your assignments with chemical shift and coupling arguments. You will need to look at coupling constants in order to assign stereochemistry. 5. Following are the 13C NMR (CDCl3, 50 MHz) and 1H NMR (250 MHz, CDCl3) spectra of a compound C9H14O3. Determine the structure of this compound and give the Pople notation for the spin systems in the 1H NMR spectrum. 6. One final unknown (for this assignment): A compound C16H17NO2 whose IR, 1H NMR (250 MHz, CDCl3) and 13C NMR (63 MHz, JMODXH, CDCl3) spectra follow. As usual, clearly show your reasoning. Be sure to include rationalizations for the appearance of the signals labelled A, B, and C in the 1H NMR spectrum.
Integrated Design Project 1A - 2024-2025 Assignment 3 - Design Project Introduction The aim of this assignment is to develop your engineering design skills using CAD software. It is worth 60% of the overall module mark. Learning Outcomes As a result of undertaking this assignment you should be able to: • Use creativity to produce innivative designs • Manage the design process from idea to CAD design • Use CAD softwares to design engineering components • Prepare a general arrangement drawing • Prepare a detailed component drawing Design Brief One of the components of solar panels are linear actuators which help the panels efficiently track the sun across the sky. For your design assignment, you are required to design a simple linear actuator for solar panels using Fusion 360 Computer Aided Design software. You can base your design on the one shown below: The details for the design can be found in the following link: https://cdn.linak.com/-/media/files/data-sheet-source/en/linear-actuator-la35-data-sheet- eng.pdf?_gl=1*r4bmyf*_gcl_au*MTQ0MTE3OTg2LjE3MjUyOTUzMjQ. You are required to produce a full design so that the volumetric dimensions are 500 mm × 200 mm × 100 mm. You are free to choose dimensions of all the other parts. You can also change the shape as you wish. You will need to specify appropriate materials. The standard stroke lengths of your designs should be within the range 100 – 300 mm. You are not required to design complex internal components such as the motors and gears but you are expected to show an understanding of where each component should be positioned. You can model such components using black boxes. Click the link below for more information about linear actuators and the technology behind them . https://www.linak.co.uk/segments/techline/actuator-academyindustrial-actuators/ Submission details Only the following should be submitted: • 1 page University of Birmingham Assessment and Feedback Student Template (see canvas) • 1 page hand sketching of the assembly providing general dimensioning. This must be clearly legible or will not be marked. • an engineering drawing of the assembly in 3rd angle projection which includes all essential parts ( 1-page A4 maximum) • an engineering drawing of the assembly in isometric projection which includes all essential parts ( 1-page A4 maximum) • detail engineering drawings, in 3rd angle projection, of two different parts ( 1-page A4 maximum for each part). You can select two different parts between housing, piston rod, spindle or back fixture. • 1 page Reflection piece (max 300 word) on the inclusivity of your design and how it can be improved. Therefore, the submission should consist of 7 sheets of A4 only. The assignment should be submitted electronically through Canvas as a single PDF file. The deadline for submission is 12:00 pm(noon) on Monday 16 December 2024. Any work submitted late will receive a penalty of 5% per working day. To create a single PDF file, save each drawing as a PDF. Then usehttp://www.pdfmerge.com/ to create a single file. If you are unclear about any aspect of electronic submission, you should seek advice well in advance of the assignment deadline. Remember to check the file you have submitted after submission to ensure that it is correct. Integrated Design Project 1A: Marking criteria for Design project Percentage Drawing layout (20%) Dimensioning (60%) Design (20%) 100% Border and information included; all drawings in third angle projection; centre lines added; exact materials specified All parts correctly assembled; possible to manufacture parts without requesting further information; all dimensions correct; no tolerance build up on dimensions; correct use of symbols; holes correctly dimensioned and positioned Shows excellent evidence of design and creativity and thought well beyond suggested design given in the assignment 85% Border and information included; all drawings in third angle projection; centre lines added; exact materials generally specified All parts correctly assembled; possible to manufacture parts without requesting further information; all dimensions correct; correct use of symbols; holes correctly dimensioned and positioned; external threads correctly dimensioned Shows very good evidence of design and creativity and thought well beyond suggested design given in the assignment 78% Border and information included; all drawings in third angle projection; centre lines generally added; exact materials generally specified All parts correctly assembled; generally, all dimensions correct; generally correct use of symbols; holes generally correctly dimensioned and positioned; external threads generally correctly dimensioned Shows good evidence of design and creativity and thought well beyond suggested design given in the assignment 75% 72% 68% Border and information included; all drawings generally in third angle projection; centre lines generally added; exact materials generally specified As above, but minor deficiencies included Shows good evidence of design and thought well beyond suggested design given in the assignment 65% 62% 58% Border and information included; drawings not in third angle projection; centre lines missing; exact materials not specified Errors with dimensions; symbols not correctly used; holes incorrectly dimensions; threads not correctly dimensions Shows evidence of design, but design does not go beyond assignment drawings 55% 52% 48% Border and information missing; drawings not in third angle projection; centre lines missing; materials not specified Major errors with dimensions; symbols not used; holes not dimensions; threads not dimensioned Shows limited evidence of design, that does not go beyond assignment drawings 45% 42% 35% Shows little understand of drawing layout Shows little understanding of dimensioning Shows little evidence of design 20% 0% Shows no understanding of drawing layout Shows no understanding of dimensioning Shows no evidence of design
Quantitative Methods Homework 2 Due on Monday, NOVEMBER 18th, 2024 at 5pm. (10% of the final grade) Round up to SIXth decimal places. PartI: Use the monthly return of S&P sample in EXCEL. [20 points in total] 1. (10 points) Use Z-approach, construct the confidence interval of the sample mean a. if confidence level is 90% b. if confidence level is 95% c. if confidence level is 99% d. Briefly discuss the difference in the size of the three intervals. 2. (2 points) Build a test and determine whether or not to reject the null that S&P has a monthly return no more than 0.3% given the level of significance is 0.05 and 0.01. 3. (2 points) Build a test and determine whether or not to reject the null that the monthly return of S&P has a standard deviation is smaller than 5% given the level of significance is 0.05 and 0.01. Assume the monthly returns follow a normal distribution and the observations are independent. Part II: Use the four-asset sample in EXCEL [30 points in total] . Assume normally distributed and independent populations. . level of significance=0.05 1. (5 points) Build a test and state any two stocks can be considered as (linearly) correlated. 2. (5 points) Build a test and determine whether or not to reject the null hypothesis that Amazon(AMZN) and Apple(AAPL) are equally risky. 3. (5 points) Based on the conclusion of question 2, build a test and determine whether the difference between the stock returns of Amazon(AMZN) and Apple(AAPL) is statistically significant. 4. (5 points) Build a test and determine whether or not to reject the null hypothesis that Amazon(AMZN) is not as risky as Microsoft(MSFT). 5. (5 points) Based on the conclusion of question 4, build a test and determine whether or not to reject the null hypothesis that the stock returns of Amazon(AMZN) is greater than or equal to the returns of Microsoft(MSFT). 6. (5 points) Build a paired test regarding the null in question 5, is the result consistent? Part III: [14 points] A stock is priced at $1.00 and follows a one-period binomial process with an up move that equals $1.03 and a down move that equals $0.98. If one hundred Bernoulli trials are conducted, and the mean terminal stock price is $1.01. a. [2 points] Calculate the probability of an up move (p). b. [3 points] Calculate the variance of the stock price using the probability calculated in Part a. c. [3 points] Describe the distribution of this sample mean. d. [6 points] Construct a 90% of confidence interval of the sample mean (use the more conservative approach). Part IV: Linear Regression [36 points in total] An analyst estimates a simple regression to investigate the effect of the debt ratio on a company’s short interest ratio. She calculates the short interest ratio (the ratio of short interest to average daily share volume, expressed in days) for 50 companies as of the end of 2016 and compares this ratio with the companies’ debt ratio (the ratio of total liabilities to total assets, expressed in decimal form). The statistics are given as Given the level of significance is 0.05 a. (5pts) What is the correlation between the debt ratio and the short interest ratio? Test the null hypothesis that the correlation is equal to zero against the alternative hypothesis that it is not equal to zero. b. (5pts) Based on the previous study, the coefficient of the debt ratio is mostly smaller than -3. Build an appropriate test and determine whether or not to reject the null hypothesis. c. (5pts) State the null and alternative hypothesis of the F-statistics in ANOVA. Without the F-table, briefly explain whether or not to reject the null hypothesis. d. (6pts) A debt ratio above 40% is considered to be critical. Compute the 95% prediction interval for short interest ratio if the debt ratio equals 40%.
SCHOOL OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT TERM 2 2024 COMM1190: DATA, INSIGHTS, & DECISIONS SAMPLE EXAMINATION QUESTION 1 10 MARKS Suppose you work as an actuary and want to model the 5-year mortality rates (i.e., the probability of death within five years) for a group of 1,000 life insurance policyholders aged 50. You have the following information for each: • Gender • Type of work (manual or non-manual) • Living area (High affluence, Middle class, Deprived) • Health condition (Terminally ill, Sick, healthy) The following classification tree is obtained for the binary variable denoting the Status of the policyholder as observed in the data. The Status variable takes a value equal to 0 if the policyholder is alive at the end of the study (5 years, where the policyholders are observed starting at the age of 50 until age 55) and 1 if dead. Required: With reference to the above case, please answer all of the following questions: Part A [max 100 words] (5 marks) What does each number in a node represent? Please describe the results in the node circled in red. Part B [max 100 words] (5 marks) What are the most influential variables characterising policyholders’ mortality in order of importance? QUESTION 2 30 MARKS A financial institution has decided to implement a Machine Learning (ML) algorithm to automate its loan approval process. The algorithm, developed by a third-party AI solutions provider, is designed to analyse a range of consumer data to determine loan eligibility and terms. To maintain a transparent process, the firm offers applicants the option to discuss the loan outcome decision with a representative. The representatives are well-trained in explaining how the applicant's data influenced the loan decision. The third-party developer has provided the firm with two versions of the algorithm. The first version is "gender-blind," designed to exclude any variables that could directly or indirectly reveal an applicant's gender. The second version incorporates gender-specific features, which can enhance the accuracy of loan predictions based on statistical differences in financial behaviour across genders. The third-party developer is also open to feedback on variables to include in the model and how to determine who is loan-worthy. Required: With reference to the above case, please answer all of the following questions: Part A [max 80 words] (4 marks) Given a choice between the gender-blind version and the gender-specific version of the loan decision algorithm, identify which option the firm should choose to use and any general adjustments that could be made to make the algorithm more responsible. Part B [max 120 words] (6 marks) Considering the scenario, identify and discuss the issues that raise concerns under the Australian Responsible AI Principles, focusing specifically on fairness, accountability, transparency, and contestability. Part C [max 240 words] (12 marks) The firm has a dataset of 15,000 people. The results of the model are graphically presented as follows: Create confusion matrices to determine the following: I. The overall accuracy rate II. The overall false positive rate III. The accuracy rate for men IV. The false positive rate for men V. The accuracy rate for women VI. The false positive rate for women Part D [max 160 words] (8 marks) I. Based on the confusion matrix, explain why you believe or do not believe the predictive model is fair. II. 1500 new clients (1000 men and 500 females) have applied for loans and need to be assessed. The third-party developer can adjust the model so that it selects 500 men and 250 females to be selected for loans. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this approach? Should the firm update the model to this approach? QUESTION 3 30 MARKS Cookie Cats is a popular puzzle game app. As players progress through the levels of the game, they occasionally encounter gates that force them to wait a non-trivial amount of time or make an in-app purchase to progress. In addition to driving in-app purchases, these gates serve the important purpose of giving players an enforced break from playing the game, hopefully resulting in the player's enjoyment of the game being increased and prolonged. The question to be explored is whether the placement of the entry-level gate matters. The hypothesis being investigated is whether moving the entry-level gate from 30 to 40 will increase player activity (and hopefully in-game purchases). Data was collected from an A/B test where a total of 90,198 players were randomly assigned to a treatment group (entered at gate level 40, g_40=1) or a control group (entered at gate level 30, g_40=0). The output variables of interest included in the data are: ret_ 1 = 1 if the player plays within one day of installing the app; and = 0 otherwise; games = total number of games played in the first 14 days of installing the app. Note: For this question, the 97.5th percentile of a standard normal distribution is 1.96. Part A. [max 100 words] (5 Marks) Before formally investigating the hypothesis being tested within the experiment, good practice dictates that an analyst determines the key features of the data. See below for selected summary statistics and visual representations. What are your main conclusions about the key variables based on this initial analysis? Part B. [max 100 words] (5 Marks) Do you have enough information to test whether the random assignment has been successful? If not, how would you check? Part C. [max 100 words] (5 Marks) Now consider the regression of ret_ 1 on g_40. The results are given below. What do they indicate? (You can assume random assignment to the two groups has been successful.) Test the null hypothesis of no treatment effect of using gate 40 as the entry point rather than gate 30. Part D. [max 100 words] (5 Marks) Given the following regression results test the null hypothesis of no treatment effect using games as the outcome of interest. Results from a second version of this regression are run but only for those in the sample who played less than 3000 games. Is this a sensible regression to run? Why? What do you conclude from these results? Part E. [max 200 words] (10 Marks) Summarise your results to the management of the game developer Tactile. Given the primary question posed by the developer, recommend to management whether the placement of the entry-level gate has a causal impact on in-game purchases. QUESTION 4 30 MARKS Imagine you work for a large department store, which highly values customer service. The following chart shows how customers contact the customer service centres. You begin to discuss the chart with your manager. Immediately, she has the following queries: “I want to see the overall trends, but it is difficult to see with all the seasonal spikes in the time series. I’d like a simpler view into the trend.” You decide to create some charts to address your manager’s queries. Part A. [max 100 words] (5 Marks) Using the two-question four frameworks typology, identify the type of chart you would use to address the query and explain why. Part B. [max 300 words] (15 Marks) Sketch two alternative charts for the query. For each chart, provide a brief explanation of your design choices. To sketch the chart, you can use any tool you want (e.g., you can use a software tool like Excel or R). Alternatively, you can sketch the chart using pencils, pens, or markers on paper, then take a picture of the charts and paste them into your solutions document. You can access the underlying data “customer_service.xlsx” on Ed. Part C. [max 200 words] (10 Marks) Evaluate your two charts and explain which you would select to further develop to present to your manager.
China in the Global Economy (Fall 2024) Problem Set 3 (100 points total) Due November 18th, 2024 before 11 pm on Moodle Please submit your own copy of the homework on Moodle. Feel free to work with your classmates. However, answers that are identical to your classmates may be considered as plagiarism, which is subject to the penalty discussed in the syllabus. Please use the following convention in naming your file: ps3_name.docx A. International Trade • (15 points) Please explain intuitively what is comparative advantage. Feel free to use a simple life example that you are familiar with. (max. 100 words) • (20 points) The Trump administration in the United States argued that tariffs against imports will bring jobs back to the US, as domestic companies will be able to enjoy higher profits and more sale. Please discuss whether or not you think the current tariffs arrangement can help to raise US companies’ profits. (max. 100 words) B. International Finance Answer the following questions based on our discussions in Lecture 5. • (15 points) It is commonly argued by many policy makers that Chinese currency, the renminbi (RMB), is undervalued according to its economic development. Please discuss two potential benefits if RMB is undervalued. (max. 100 words) • (20 points) Since 2022, in order to deal with the inflation issue, the United States implemented a series of monetary policy and the interest rate hikes. Following these changes, please list and explain how the rising interest rate in the United States affect Chinese economy through financial and trade channel. Please pick three effects that you think are the most significant to China. (max. 200 words) C. China’s Growth Miracle Answer the following questions based on our discussion in Lecture 6. • (20 points) Following our discussion about China’s model in developing its economy, please list two aspects that can represent the China Model and explain why (max. 150 words) • (10 points) China’s significant growth highly relies on the investment during the past three decades. Please list two potential drawbacks or problems that high investment may bring to China. (max. 100 words)
Coursework Assessment Brief Coversheet Module code MECH0053 Module name Power Transmission and Auxiliary Machinery systems Academic year 2024/25 Term Term 1 Assessment title Coursework Shafts, Couplings and Clutches Individual/group assessment Individual Word count or page count limit (if applicable) 6 pages, the font should be no smaller than 11 pt. % contribution to module 25% Submission Date Please see the submission portal on Moodle for the due date for this assessment. Word count or page count penalty Work that exceeds the word/page count by up to 10% will be reduced by 10 percentage points. This must not take the mark below the Pass Mark. Any material in addition to the 10% excess may not be taken into account in grading. Eligibility for Delayed Assessment Permit (DAP) This assessment is eligible for Delayed Assessment Permit. Mitigation available: 5 working days. Use of Generative AI This assignment is classified as Category 2: AI tools can be used in an assistive role. More implications of this can be found in the assessment brief. Assessment Criteria Mark range Expected standard 20-25 (80-100%) Outstanding submission demonstrating a deep understanding of a wider range of topics. All calculations are accurate and values are provided to an appropriate level of precision. Parameters and examples are chosen with great insight and fully justified. Presentation is impeccable, of the publishable standard: phrasing is concise and precise and figures are perfectly formatted and labelled, providing information efficiently and in full detail with descriptive informative legends and cross-references to the text. 17.5-19.5 (70-79%) Excellent work, subjected to a rigorous quality assessment that addresses main concepts and theories. All calculations are accurate and justification is given for choices of parameters and/or assumptions made. Wider knowledge and understanding of the meaning of the work is demonstrated; discussions are thoughtful and conclusions are appropriate and fully justified. Text is concise and precise and figures are clear, fully and accurately labelled and described in the text and legends. 15-17 (60-69%) Good quality work with some exceptions for example a few minor mistakes in calculations or weak justification for some of the chosen parameters or examples. Values are provided to an appropriate level of precision, final answers are clearly distinguishable and working is shown, with some attempt at reasoning or justification included. Figures are useful and correct though may benefit from some additional labelling, formatting and/or more specific description. 12.5-14.5 (50-59%) Acceptable submission where the majority of the goals of the assignment have been understood and tackled, demonstrating that some key engineering principles have been applied correctly. Some calculations show minor mistakes, lack of explanation, or are attempted using incorrect methods. Justifications may be weak or missing in the descriptions of engineering decisions, methods, and conclusions. 7.5-12 (30-49%) Submission shows attempts at answering the assignment but with many gaps in knowledge and only limited understanding being demonstrated through text, figures and calculations. Sections of the assignment may be left unanswered. Many calculations exhibit major mistakes, many methods are incorrect or missing. 0-7 (0-29%) A submission demonstrating major gaps in understanding the assignment, failing to meet the majority of the assignment’s goals. Solutions are largely incomplete and show major mistakes and/or lack of the required knowledge. Learning outcomes assessed: L1 design and select components in a power train. L2 design shafts for static and fatigue loading and select an appropriate type of coupling. L3 design friction clutches and distinguish friction materials and mating surfaces. Please turn over for specific guidance: Specific guidance: There is an upper limit of 6 pages (excluding a title page) and a maximum 5000-word limit for this report, which must be typed. Pages should be numbered, and the font should be no smaller than 11 pts to make the document easier to read and mark. If you do use external material, then this should be referenced in accordance with UCL procedures. If you are using any table or graphs that are provided in the lectures or are from the reference list of the lectures, you just need to cite the table number and identify the reference that you are using, e.g. Table 5.4 of Childs. Do not use the space to replicate those tables or graphs. It is essential to read and answer the questions and to ensure that all aspects are addressed. Working methods need to be clearly presented so that markers can credit your work even if the answers are not fully correct. Ensure that your work is presented in a professional way and that any figures used are labelled correctly. Use a maximum of 6 pages in the most efficient way to ensure that you present all the information that you need to answer the questions. This will give you the greatest opportunity to gain higher marks. Tips for success: Q1: a) Provide a clear schematic of your design. You may scan a schematic drawn by hand but it should be of a professional standard (e.g. use a ruler). You may use CAD software for the drawing but it is not a requirement. You should show clearly the dimensions and any provision you use to locate the components, reduce stress concentration, etc. b) Demonstrate your calculation clearly. If you are choosing any parameter you need to justify it but be concise and clear. Q2: a) You need to clearly state your reason for choosing a specific type of coupling based on the problem and the information provided. State any assumptions that you make. b) Similar to Q1 (a) demonstrate your calculations clearly and justify any parameter that you need to choose. Use of AI: Category 2:”AI tools can be used in an assistive role” . Students are permitted to use AI tools to assist with giving feedback on content, or proofreading content and the creation and formatting of figures, but the design and technical content is the student’s responsibility and must be their individual contribution. If you have used AI in anyway, you need to declare it in the report or presentation in the following way: • Name and version of the generative AI system used, e.g. ChatGPT-3.5 • Publisher (company that made the AI system); e.g. OpenAI • Brief description (single sentence) of context in which the tool was used. More details are given here: https://library-guides.ucl.ac.uk/referencing-plagiarism/acknowledging-genAI Assessment Brief 1. You are tasked with the design of a high-speed driveshaft which is used to transfer power in a pharmaceutical application. The machine works at varying temperatures but it would not exceed 100 °C. The schematic of the locations of the components is shown in Figure 1. The power to be transmitted is 19 kW at 11000 rpm. The shaft is driven by spur gearA and the power is transferred through coupling B to a separate shaft (not shown in Figure 1). Assume no bending moment or shear force is transferred via the coupling and its mass can be ignored. The shaft is supported with two ball bearings. Assume the gear hub has a width of 30 mm with a fillet radius of 1.5 mm. The gear is 20° pressure angle spur type with a pitch circle diameter of 90 mm and a mass of 3 kg. The shaft is to be manufactured using alloy steel with σut = 1200 MPa, σy = 900 MPa, E = 205 GPa, G = 80 GPa and Brinell hardness approximately 300 BHN. a) Provide a schematic drawing for your designed shaft. You need to justify your choices for your design, for example how you would locate components, etc. [5 marks] b) Obtain the size of your shaft for unlimited life and faultless operation. Your shaft should be sized for a reliability of 99.9%. Consider an appropriate factor of safety and any other parameter that you need to define. You must justify your choice of parameters. [10 marks] Figure 1. The schematic view of the assembly of question 1. 2. a) Select an appropriate coupling to connect the two shafts of question 1. State your assumptions and justify your choice of the coupling. [4 marks] b) The coupling of the shaft in question 1 is connected to a clutch that would operate frequently and would partially cool down between applications. It accelerates a mass of 12 kg with a radius of gyration of 0.2 m from rest. The system is driven by an electric motor. The friction surfaces would be made of woven materials. Design a disk clutch and obtain its parameters. Show clearly how you obtained the parameters, justifying your choices, where appropriate. What would be the slip time of your clutch? [6 marks]
Module Title Principles of Economics Assignment Mode Individual Assignment Word Count Limit Not applicable Citation Format APA Marks 30 marks Submission date 2359 hrs Lesson 8 (Full-time) 2359 hrs Lesson 6 (Part-time) Assignment Brief 1) Ensure proper numbering of answers according to the questions. 2) Font size 12 in Arial OR Times New Roman font. 3) You must double space the writing (with the exception of the Reference List). 4) As this is an academic assignment, you should gather information from a variety of sources e.g. books, journals, newspapers, online articles etc. 5) Please cite your sources in APA citation format. 6) Include in-text citations and a Reference List. You are to provide at least 3 references. Question 1 Based on what you have learned in Topics 1 and 2 of Principles of Economics, reflect on ONE (1) Economics concept which had interested you the most and discuss this concept with the help of an example within 200 words. (10 marks) Question 2 a) Describe a real-world event which can affect a product and lead to a change in ONE (1) demand factor. Draw a complete demand/supply model to illustrate how the event has resulted in change to the equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity of the product concerned. (10 marks) b) Describe a real-world event which can affect a product and lead to a change in ONE (1) supply factor. Draw a complete demand/supply model to illustrate how the event has resulted in change to the equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity of the product concerned. (10 marks)
ARCH7809. Assignment 3 Brief Assignment A3. Building envelope Deadline Fri 22/11/2024 23:55 Weight 40% Individual/group Individual Purpose: • To identify the requirements on the building fabric and indoor environmental quality that influence architectural design. • To become aware of interdependencies between different aspects, such as acoustics and natural ventilation. Note 1. You can (and should) continue working on the same building used for Assignment 2. Note 2. If you are enrolled in ARCH7113 this year, you are recommended (not mandated) to work on your studio project. Otherwise, or if your design studio project is not sufficiently developed, you can use any building other than the building used for your assignment 1. It can be from a previous design studio, professional activity, or a building that you like (of comparable scale and complexity). Note 3. You are not required and, instead, are free to decide whether to implement changes in your ARCH7113 design based on what you learnt in ARCH7809. The submission requirements for the parts of this assignment are specified in the grading guide on the following page. The plans, sections, and elevations presented for the different tasks are the same, only with different annotations. The annotations on the drawings report information on the building envelope components and include the performance targets and performance indicators. You should consolidate your information for each part in a table similar to the example below (the table should be on the drawings). The first step is to define the performance targets in compliance with the NCC or other appropriate specifications for the building type (minimum target to achieve compliance or exceed the minimum required)*. These include: • R-value/U-value • SHGC (Solar Heat Gain Coefficient) and light transmittance for the glazing • Solar absorbance of opaque building envelope components • Optical-radiative properties of the shading devices • Airborne and impact sound reduction • Reverberation time and room acoustics • You should include references to standards, sections of the NCC, or relevant guidelines. * You can provide specifications that exceed the minimum performance requirements set in the NCC and/or include additional specifications - on behalf of your client - if they want to achieve higher quality or have specific needs. What is specified in the project documentation becomes part of the contract with the builder. Appropriate acoustical performance specifications for building types not covered in the NCC are offered by the AAAC (https://aaac.org.au/Guidelines-&-Downloads). Example of the tables on the A3 sheets An example that can be used as a template for the report is offered in the following table, to be developed for and adapted to each building component. For instance, solar heat gain coefficient & light transmittance apply only to windows, normalised impact sound pressure level is for flooring only, etc. # Item Performance target Performance Ref Note 1 R-value/U-value NCC clause / standard DtS / performance solution / to be verified / subject to performance solution (contact specialist). 2 Solar heat gain coefficient 3 Solar absorbance & thermal emittance (optical and radiative properties) … Add/delete rows as required Submission requirements and details Please submit only one *.pdf file named: LastName_FirstName_ARCH7809_2024_A3.pdf
CS 4321/5321 Project 1 This project is out of 90 points and counts for 22% of your grade. 1 Goals and important points This is the first project where you actually develop some database functionality. The goals are: • to teach you how to translate from SQL queries to a relational algebra query plan • to familiarize you with the iterator model for relational operator evaluation, as well as na¨ıve implementations for the most common operators (selection, projection, join, sort) • to provide you with a codebase that you will build on in future projects. You will start using a skeleton codebase that we provide. The reference implementation of this project is about 1100 lines of code, not including comments. Whether or not you consider this a lot, it is not a project that should be left to the last minute. No solution code will be given out. The code you implement for Project 1 will be the code you reuse/refactor for Projects 2, 3, 4 and 5. Subsequent projects will assume you have implemented all the functionality required for Project 1. 2 Overview In this project, you will implement a simple interpreter for SQL statements. That is, you will build a program that takes in a database (a set of files with data) and a file containing several SQL queries. It will process and evaluate each SQL query on the database. 2.1 Supported language features Your interpreter will not support all of SQL, but it will handle a lot of relatively complex queries. Here we give information about the queries you must support. Your interpreter will process SELECT-FROM-WHERE queries, which may optionally also have a DISTINCT, an ORDER BY, or both. You do not need to support nested subqueries, set operators (UNION etc.), GROUP BY, aggregates like COUNT, or any other features. In addition, we make a few simplifying assumptions as below. When we say a query is valid, we mean it is a permitted input to your interpreter which you should be able to handle. When we talk about a base table, we mean a real table that exists in the database. • You may assume all valid queries follow correct SQL syntax and that they only refer to tables that exist in the database. Also, when a query refers to a table column such as Sailors .name, you may assume the column name is valid for that table. • You may assume there will be at least one table in the FROM clause. • Valid queries may use aliases (range variables) such as Sailors S or they may just use the names of base tables. If a query does not use aliases, all column references are fully qualified by the base table name. If a query does use aliases, all tables use aliases and all column references are qualified by alias. Here are two examples of valid queries, the first one without aliases and the second with aliases: – SELECT Sailors .name, Reservations .date FROM Sailors, Reservations WHERE Sailors .id = Reservations .sid; – SELECT S .name, R.date FROM Sailors S, Reservations R WHERE S .id = R .sid; You may assume that any string used as an alias will not also be the name of a base table. • Self-joins, i.e. joining a table with itself, are valid and must be supported (and require the use of aliases) • The WHERE clause, if present, is a conjunction (i.e. an AND) of expressions of the form. A op B, where op is one f =, ! =,,= and A and B are either integers or column references. Thus Sailors .id = Reservations .sid, Sailors .id
ENEM101 Solar Assignment - Techno-economic analysis of off-grid FPV (floating PV) plant to achieve UKs 70GW target by 2035 AHEP4 learning outcomes assessed: M3 & M3-FL: Select and apply appropriate computational and analytical techniques to model complex problems, discussing the limitations of the techniques employed Submission format: Electronic, via ELE Feedback will be written feedback for each individual submission, within three weeks of submission. This assignment is worth 20% of the overall module mark. Assignment guidance • You should produce atechno-economic analysis for FPV plant at various locations in the UK. • The word limit can vary between 3000-3500 words. • The energy system you choose can consist of any first-generation or second-generation, mono or bifacial PV. • This plant can bestand-alone (no need to worry about DNO permission) • The report should provide a clear estimation of the radiation, energy generation, and system yield evaluations in monthly values, along with the suitable PV design, the levelised cost of the energy, and energy payback. Assignment details • CONTENT: o you should describe the site/facility under study, justify the choice of technology/technologies for your solar-based system based on technical evaluation of a range of parameters (site, resources, demand, CO2 reduction etc), comment on how their sizing was determined and how they work together (or why others were ruled out if it consists of only one technology); estimate capital and running costs for your proposed system; assess potential environmental impacts; conclude on the viability of your proposed system • STRUCTURE: there is no prescribed structure for the report but you should ensure a logical flow of information. However, you can follow o Renewable Energy and Sustainable Energy Reviews o Energy Reports | Journal | ScienceDirect.com by Elsevier o Any Elsevier journal format • PAGE LIMIT: There is no page limit. However, your report should be within 3000-3500 words maximum (±10% word limit). • FONT: font for the main body of the report should have font size 11 and. Fonts for headings can be slightly larger • LINE SPACING: no less than 1.15 line spacing for the main body of the report • TABLES AND FIGURES: you are encouraged to use tables and figures where appropriate. Make sure you label them properly and refer to them in the text. Figure should have 300 dpi. • REFERENCES: Reference should be similar to Solar Energy - Journal - Elsevier(strict criteria) • SUBMISSION: The submission of this coursework should be via ele. The deadline for submission is midday (12:00) 13th December 2024.
Markets and Friction Problem Set 2 Problem Set 2 is worth 10% of your grade. Please upload your assignment to Moodle by 4pm of October 25th. You may type or write your answers by hand. Handwritten assignments must be legible or they will be dismissed. 5% will be deducted from the mark of late submissions for each day (before solutions are posted). Submissions made after the solutions are posted will not be marked. Each question is worth 25 points, and each part of the question is worth 5 points. 1. We extend the corporate liquidity demand model to include the possibility of liqui- dation. Consider a three-period model: t = 0, 1, 2. In t = 0, the entrepreneur with net worth A chooses the scale of the project I. In t = 1, an exogenous liquidity shock ρ is realized. The shock can take one of two values: ρ ∈ {ρL, ρH }, with ρH > ρL . The probability of ρH occurring is q ∈ (0, 1). The entrepreneur can choose to continue at a scale i ≤ I at an additional cost of ρi. In t = 2, the project’s return z is realized. Specifically, the value of the project is zi. The pledgeable income is p < z, so the competitive investors can receive at most pi. The following relationships hold: 0 < ρL < p < ρH < z, 1 > (1 − q) (p − ρL ) , (1 − q) (z − ρL ) > 1. At t = 1, after learning the liquidity shock, the entrepreneur can liquidate the as- set that is not used for a return of δ . Specifically, if the entrepreneur continues at scale i < I, then I − i can be liquidated in exchange for δ (I − i) . The entrepreneur appropriates the whole return of the liquidated asset. Assume that z − ρH ≥ δ . The financial contract specifies the continuation scale for each shock: (iL, iH ) with iL, iH ≤ I. a. Explain the significance of the assumption z − ρH ≥ δ . b. Write down the participation constraint. c. Write down the optimization problem and explain why at the optimum iL = I? d. Let x = I/iH . Compare your answer with the setting without the option of liqui- dation (δ = 0) and show that liquidation makes continuing at full scale under shock ρH more difficult. e. Explain the result in Part d. 2. Consider a three-period model with time indexed by t = 0, 1, 2. At t = 0, all agents are endowed with wealth 1. There is a unit mass of identical agents. For each agent, consumption either takes place in t = 1 or t = 2. However, at t = 0, agents are unsure which dates they would want to consume. With probability µ ∈ (0, 1), they would want to consume at t = 1, which we refer to as the early agents. With the remaining probability, they would want to consume in t = 2, which we refer to as the late agents. Agents learn whether they are early or late agentsin t = 1, and the liquidity shock is independent across agents. The discount factor is β = 1. The agents’ utility is Agents can buy short and long assets. The short asset transforms x units of date t consumption to rx units of date t + 1 consumption. The long asset transforms x units of date t consumption to Rx units of date t + 2 consumption. Assume that R > r2 > 1. The agents transfer their wealth across periods using these two assets. Furthermore, a secondary market for long assets existsint = 1, where agents can buy or sell their long asset positions at price p. a. Explain the significance of the assumption R > r2 . b. Suppose the secondary market for long assets is closed at t = 1. What is the optimal portfolio? Hint: Do not forget about the corner solution! c. What is the equilibrium price p of long assets in t = 1? d. What is the optimal portfolio when the secondary market is open? e. Compare the utility in Part b. with Part d. Is the utility gain/loss from the secondary market increasing or decreasing in σ?Explain. 3. Continuing with the environment in Question 2, consider an environment where the agents’ liquidity risk can be pooled. Furthermore, we assume that R > r1+σ a. Setup the planner’s problem and derive the social optimal consumption (c1(*), c2(*)) . b. Explain how the ratio c*1/c*2 changes as σ increases from 0.5 to 1.5. c. Consider the existence of competitive banks with agents depositing all of their wealth in the banks. Let bt denote the returns that the banks pay to the de- positors for withdrawing at date t. Setup the banks’ optimization problem and derive the optimal returns (b1(*), b2(*)) . d. Explain why late agents would not want to withdraw at t = 1 if only the early agents withdraw at t = 1. e. Assume that the long asset can be liquidated at t = 1 for a return of 1. Calculate the tipping point m* such that if the mass of agents trying to withdraw at t = 1 exceeds m*, then all agents would want to withdraw at t = 1. Hint: Do not forget the possibility of a corner solution. 4. Consider an extension of the environment in Question 3 with sunspots. The sunspot is a signal ξ ∈ {Red, Green} that is independent of the economic fundamentals. With probability λ, ξ = Red and agents panic and believe that everyone else will withdraw early. With probability 1 − λ, ξ = Green and agents are calm. a. Given your answer in Part e. of Question 3, find a condition on σ such that bank runs may occur. b. Find the values for the following: i. The early and late consumers’ consumption in a bank run. Hint: They are not the same! ii. Maximum b1 such that a bank run will never occur. c. Suppose the condition you found in Part a. holds. What are the optimal returns (b(ˆ)1, b(ˆ)2 ) such that bank runs never occur. d. Write down the condition such that banks are willing to risk a bank run. e. Let the returns from the assets be (r, R) = (1.5, 4) and σ = 2 with µ = 0.5. Find the threshold λ(¯) such that banks use (b(ˆ)1, b(ˆ)2 ) to avoid runs when λ ≥ λ(¯) . Hint: Banks may want to choose a different asset portfolio if it chooses to risk a run. Therefore, you may need to first solve for s (λ) before solving for λ .
Markets and Friction Problem Set 1 Problem Set 1 is worth 10% of your grade. Please upload your assignment to Moodle by 4pm of September 27th. You may type or write your answers by hand. Handwritten assignments must be legible or they will be dismissed. 5% will be deducted from the mark of late submissions for each day (before solutions are posted). Submissions made after the solutions are posted will not be marked. Each question is worth 25 points, and each part of the question is worth 5 points. 1. Consider a three-period model with a continuum of ex-ante homogeneous agents of measure 1. Time is indexed by t = 0, 1, 2. At t = 0, all agents are endowed with wealth W > 0. For each agent, consumption either takes place in t = 1 or t = 2. However, at t = 0, agents are unsure which dates they would want to consume. With probability μ ∈ (0, 1), they would want to consume at t = 1, which we refer to as the early agents. With the remaining probability, they would want to consume in t = 2, which we refer to as the late agents. Agents learn whether they are early or late agents in t = 1. The discount factor is β = 1. The agents’ utility can be summarized as Agents can buy (but cannot sell) short and long assets. The short asset transforms x units of date t consumption to x units of date t + 1 consumption. The long asset transforms x units of date t consumption to Rx units of date t + 2 consumption, where R > 1. The agents transfer their wealth across periods using these two assets. a. Let s denote the fraction of wealth spent on buying short assets. Setup the agents’ problem in t = 0. b. Derive the optimal fraction of short assets s* . c. Please answer the following comparative statics questions: i. In your answer for Part b., how does s* depend on wealth W? Explain. ii. In your answer for Part b., how does s* depend on γ?Explain. d. Derive threshold μ(¯) ∈ (0, 1) such that for any μ ≥μ(¯), s* = 1. e. How does your answer in Part d. vary with R? Explain. 2. Continuing with the environment (agents and assets) from Question 1, now con- sider a complete market,i.e., agents can also purchase state-contingent bonds. At t = 0, agents may buy and sell “early” bonds and “late” bonds. A unit of early (late) bond delivers one unit of consumption at t = 1 (t = 2) if and only if the agent is an early (late) agent. Each unit of early bond costs qE and each unit of late bond costs qL . The equilibrium prices of both bonds must be such that the market clears, i.e. agents are indifferent between holding the state-contingent bonds and other assets, so there are always buyers and sellers of bonds. a. Prove that when qE = μ in equilibrium, then agents are indifferent between buying the short asset and the early bond. b. Derive the equilibrium price qL . c. Given these equilibrium prices, setup the agents’ problem at t = 0 in terms of c1 and c2 . d. Solve for the optimal consumption c1(∗) and c2(∗) . e. What happens to c2(∗) − c1(∗) as γ → ∞?Explain. 3. Consider a setting with two identical fixed-scale projects. Each project requires I/2 investment, and pays back R/2 if it is successful and 0 otherwise. For each project, the risk-neutral entrepreneur can either choose to exert high effort or low effort. The entrepreneur’s private benefit from exerting low effort in a project is B/2. The projects are stochastically independent, and the entrepreneur chooses the effort level for each project independently but simultaneously. The entrepreneur holds A ∈ (0, I) initial assets and seeks the investment from competitive outside risk-neutral investors. The investors’ outside option is normalized to 0. Figure 1 illustrates the payoff structure of one project. Figure 1: Description of the model Suppose the incentive payment is contingent on the number of successful outcomes, i.e., i = {0, 1, 2} denotes the number of successful outcomes. Denote the wealth of entrepreneurs under incentive payment as X ≡ {Xi}i∈{0,1,2} ≡ {X0, X1, X2}, where Xi ≥ 0 due to the entrepreneur’s limited liability. Assume that pHR − I > 0 > pLR − I + B, i.e., it is socially beneficial to invest in the project only if the entrepreneur exerts high effort. a. Write down the investors’ participation constraint for investing in both projects. b. Write down the incentive compatibility constraints for the entrepreneur to exert high effort on both projects. c. Consider the following payment schedule Are the constraints in Part b. satisfied under the above payment schedule? d. What is the expected rent to the entrepreneur and the pledgeable income to the investors under the payment schedule in Part c.? e. Which one is larger, the pledgeable income with two projects or the pledgeable income with only one project? Explain. f. Bonus (10 points): Prove that the payment schedule in Part c. delivers the maximum pledgeable income for the investors. 4. Consider a two-period investment model: t = 0, 1. A risk-neutral entrepreneur has a project with expected returns z ≥ 1 in t = 1. Investment takes place in t = 0. The pledgeable income per unit of investment is 0.9. The entrepreneur has existing net worth of 100 at t = 0. a. What is the maximum investment scale of the project? b. What is the entrepreneur’s net worth at t = 1? c. Suppose z ∈ {1.05, 0.95} with Pr (z = 1.05) = Pr (z = 0.95) = 0.5. What is the growth rate of the entrepreneur’s net worth under each return realization? d. Explain how a 5% change in the returns can generate the large gains or losses to the entrepreneur’s net worth that you found in Part c. e. The entrepreneur wishes to reinvest in t = 1. The pledgeable income p (z) in t = 1 is a function of the realized return z : p (1.05) = 0.9 + x and p (0.95) = 0.9 − x with x ∈ [0, 0.1) . Graph maximum investment scales I1 (x; 1.05) when z = 1.05 and I1 (x; 0.95) when z = 0.95 in t = 1 on the domain [0, 0.1) .
MATH38161 Multivariate Statistics and Machine Learning Coursework November 2024 Overview The coursework is a data analysis project with a written report. You will apply skills and techniques acquired from Week 1 to Week 8 to analyse a subset of the FMNIST dataset. In completing this coursework, you should primarily use the techniques and methods introduced during the course. The assessment will focus on your understanding and demonstration of these techniques in alignment with the learning outcomes, rather than the accuracy or exactness of the final results. The project report will be marked out of 30. The marking scheme is detailed below. You have twelve days to complete this coursework, with a total workload of approxi- mately 10 hours (including preliminary coursework tasks). Format • Software: You should mainly use R to perform. the data analysis. You may use built-in functions from R packages or implement the algorithms with your own codes. • Report: You may use any document preparation system of your choice but the final document must be a single PDF in A4 format. Ensure that the text in the PDF is machine-readable. • Content: Your report must include the complete analysis in a reproducible format, integrating the computer code, figures, and text etc. in one document. • Title Page: Show your full name and your University ID on the title page of your report. • Length: Recommended length is 8 pages of content (single sided) plus title page. Maximum length is 10 pages of content plus the title page. Any content exceeding 10 pages will not be marked. Submission process and deadline • The deadline for submission is 11:59pm, Friday 29 November 2024. • Submission is online on Blackboard (through Grapescope). Coursework tasks Analysis of the FMNIST data using principal component analysis (PCA) and Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) The Fashion MNIST dataset contains 70,000 grayscale images of fashion products categorised into 10 distinct classes. More information is available on Wikipedia and Github. The data set to be analysed in this coursework is a subset of the full FMNIST data and contains 10,000 images, each with dimensions of 28 by 28 pixels, resulting in a total of 784 pixels per image. Each pixel is represented by an integer value ranging from 0 to 255. You can download this data subset as “fmnist.rda” (7.4 MB) from Blackboard. load("fmnist. rda") # load sampled FMNIST data set dim(fmnist$x) # dimension of features data matrix (10000, 784) ## [1] 10000 784 range(fmnist$x) # range of feature values (0 to 255) ## [1] 0 255 Here is a plot of the first 15 images: par(mfrow=c(3 ,5), mar=c(1 ,1 ,1 ,1)) for (k in 1:15) # first 15 images { m = matrix( fmnist$x[k,] , nrow=28 , byrow=TRUE) image(t(apply(m, 2 , rev)), col=grey(seq(1 ,0 ,length=256)), axes = FALSE) } Each sample is assigned to one label represented by an integer from 0 to 9 (as R factor with 10 levels): fmnist$label[1:15] # first 15 labels ## [1] 7 1 4 8 1 4 7 1 2 0 7 0 8 1 6 ## Levels: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Task 1: Dimension reduction for FMNIST data using principal components analysis (PCA) The following steps are suggested guidelines to help structure your analysis but are not meant as assignment-style. questions. Integrate your work as part of a cohesive report with a logical narrative. • Do some research to learn more about the FMNIST data. • Compute the 784 principal components from the 784 original pixel variables. • Compute and plot the proportion of variation attributed to each principal compo- nent. • Create a scatter plot of the first two principal components. Use the known labels to colour the scatter plot. • Construct the correlation loadings plot. • Interpret and discuss the result. • Save the first 10 principal components of all 10,000 images to a data file for Task 2. Task 2: Analysis of the FMNIST data set using Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) Using all 784 pixel variables for cluster analysis is computationally impractical. In this task, use the 10 (or fewer) principal components instead of the original 784 pixel variables. Again, these steps serve as guidelines. Integrate this work into your report logically following from Task 1. • Cluster the data using Gaussian mixture models (GMMs). • Find out how many clusters can be identified. • Interpret and discuss the results. Structure of the report Your report should be structured into the following sections: 1. Dataset 2. Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. References In Section 1 provide some background and describe the data set. In Section 2 briefly introduce the method(s) you are using to analyse the data. In Section 3 run the analyses and present and interpret the results. Show all your R code so that your results are fully reproducible. In Section 4 list all journal articles, books, wikipedia entries,github pages and other sources you refer to in your report. Marking scheme The project report will be assessed out of 30 points based on the following rubrics. Criteria Marks Rubrics Description of data 6 Excellent (5-6 marks): Provides a clear and thorough overview of the FMNIST dataset, detailing the image structure, pixel data, and its context within multivariate analysis. Good (3-4 marks): Provides a clear overview of the dataset with some context; minor details maybe missing. Adequate (1-2 marks): Basic description of the dataset with limited context; lacks important details. Insufficient (0 marks): Little to no description provided. Description of Methods 6 Excellent (5-6 marks): Clearly and thoroughly explains PCA and GMMs, their purposes, and how they apply to this dataset. Good (3-4 marks): Provides a clear explanation of PCA and GMMs, with minor gaps in clarity or relevance. Adequate (1-2 marks): Basic explanation of methods with limited detail or relevance to the course techniques. Insufficient (0 marks): Lacks clear explanations of the methods. Results and Discussion 12 Excellent (10-12 marks): Correctly applies PCA and GMMs, presents clear and informative visualisations, and provides a coherent and insightful interpretation of the results. Good (7-9 marks): Accurately applies PCA and GMMs with mostly clear visuals and reasonable interpretation; minor improvements needed. Adequate (4-6 marks): Basic application of techniques, limited or unclear visuals, minimal interpretation. Insufficient (0-3 marks): Incorrect application of techniques, with little to no interpretation. Overall Presentation of Report 6 Excellent (5-6 marks): Report is well-organised, clear, and professionally formatted, with a logical narrative and adherence to page limits. Good (3-4 marks): Report is generally clear and organised, with minor structural or formatting issues. Adequate (1-2 marks): Report lacks coherence or has significant formatting issues; may not meet all format requirements. Insufficient (0 marks): Report lacks structure and clarity, does not meet formatting requirements.
PROJECT 1 Diploma of IT Network Fundamentals PROJECT 1 : SOCKET PROGRAMMING WEB SERVER TASK DESCRIPTION This assignment assesses the basics of socket programming for TCP connections in python: how to create a socket, bind it to a specific address and port, as well as send and receive a HTTP packet. The assignment will also be assessed on some basics of HTTP header format. OBJECTIVES You will develop a web server that handles one HTTP request at a time. Your web server should accept and parse the HTTP request, get the requested file from the server’s file system, create an HTTP response message consisting of the requested file preceded by header lines, and then send the response directly to the client. If the requested file is not present in the server, the server should send an HTTP “404 Not Found” message back to the client. BRIEF CODE Below you will find the skeleton code for the Web server. You are to complete the skeleton code. The places where you need to fill in code are marked with #Fill in start and #Fill in end. Each place may require one or more lines of code. RUNNING THE SERVER Put an HTML file (e.g., HelloWorld.html) in the same directory that the server is in. Run the server program. Determine the IP address of the host that is running the server (e.g., 128.238.251.26). From another host, open a browser and provide the corresponding URL. For example: http:// 128.238.251.26:6789/HelloWorld.html ‘HelloWorld.html’ is the name of the file you placed in the server directory. Note also the use of the port number after the colon. You need to replace this port number with whatever port you have used in the server code. In the above example, we have used the port number 6789. The browser should then display the contents of HelloWorld.html. If you omit ":6789", the browser will assume port 80 and you will get the web page from the server only if your server is listening at port 80. Then try to get a file that is not present at the server. You should get a “404 Not Found” message. SUBMISSION WHAT TO SUBMIT FOR PROJECT 1: Document your project in report format and include relevant screen clippings of the process. This report can be in .docx or pdf format. Upload to the canvas Project 1 assignment link WHAT TO SUBMIT FOR PROJECT 1: (1) Project report. This report can be in .docx or .pdf format. (2) The completed code - python file(.py) (3) Video - In addition to the written submission, you will create a short video using Canvas Studio. The video should verify that: a) you receive the contents of the HTML file from the server, the HTML file is displayed in the browser b) when you try to get a file that is not present at the server, you will get “404 Not Found” message c) your aim is to demonstrate your understanding of the project by explaining the python code that you have written d) the video should be approx. 3 minutes in duration. Note your tutor may ask specific questions to each of you to check your work and your understanding of the project. SKELETON PYTHON CODE FOR THE WEB SERVER #import socket module from socket import * import sys # In order to terminate the program serverSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM) #Prepare a sever socket #Fill in start #Fill in end while True: #Establish the connection print('Ready to serve...') connectionSocket, addr = #Fill in start #Fill in end try: message = #Fill in start #Fill in end filename = message.split()[1] f = open(filename[1:]) outputdata = #Fill in start #Fill in end #Send one HTTP header line into socket #Fill in start #Fill in end #Send the content of the requested file to the client for i in range(0, len(outputdata)): connectionSocket.send(outputdata[i].encode()) connectionSocket.send("rn".encode()) connectionSocket.close() except IOError: #Send response message for file not found #Fill in start #Fill in end #Close client socket #Fill in start #Fill in end serverSocket.close() sys.exit()#Terminate the program after sending the corresponding data EXTENSION CHALLENGE - TO SECURE “HD” GRADE Currently, the web server handles only one HTTP request at a time. Implement a multithreaded server that is capable of serving multiple requests simultaneously. Using threading, first create a main thread in which your modified server listens for clients at a fixed port. When it receives a TCP connection request from a client, it will set up the TCP connection through another port and services the client request in a separate thread. There will be a separate TCP connection in a separate thread for each request/response pair. Instead of using a browser, write your own HTTP client to test your server. Your client will connect to the server using a TCP connection, send an HTTP request to the server, and display the server response as an output. You can assume that the HTTP request sent is a GET method.The client should take command line arguments specifying the server IP address or host name, the port at which the server is listening, and the path at which the requested object is stored at the server. The following is an input command format to run the client. client.py server_host server_port filename
